Manuscript Preparation Guidelines

1. Manuscripts should generally be organized under the following main headings: Title, Abstract in Turkish and English, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results (Results and Discussion), Discussion and Conclusion (Conclusions), and References. If an Acknowledgements section is required, it should be placed immediately before the reference list.

2. The entire manuscript, including the text, tables, and figures, must not exceed 20 pages. The manuscript must be prepared on A4 paper in a single-column format.

3. The manuscript must have margins of 3 cm at the top, bottom, left, and right.

4. The manuscript text must be written in Times New Roman, with single line spacing (1.0).

5. The manuscript title must be centered, bold, and set in 13-point font, with only the initial letters of words capitalized.

6. After leaving one blank line following the title, the authors' full names must be provided in bold 12-point font, without abbreviations. If there is more than one author, their names must be listed side by side and separated by commas.

7. After leaving one blank line following the authors' names, the names and addresses of their affiliated institutions and the corresponding author's email address must be provided in 10-point font.

8. After leaving one blank line following the affiliations and addresses, the Abstract section must begin. The abstract must be written in 10-point font with single line spacing (1.0) and must not exceed 200 words. The Keywordssection must appear immediately below the abstract.

9. After leaving one blank line following the abstract section, the English title must be provided in 13-point font. After leaving one blank line following the English title, the Abstract section must begin. The abstract must be written in 10-point font with single line spacing (1.0) and must not exceed 200 words. The Keywords section must appear immediately below the abstract.

10. Section headings and the main text must be written in Times New Roman, 12-point font.

11. Main section headings must be bold, left-aligned, and written with initial capitals. Subheadings within sections must also be bold. All headings must be unnumbered.

12. The manuscript text must be fully justified, with a 1 cm first-line indent for each paragraph. No additional spacing should be inserted between paragraphs.

13. In-text citations must follow the author–date format, using the author's surname and the year of publication, as in (Ertus, 2014), (Yıldız and Baran, 2011), and (Erduman et al., 2012). Multiple sources must be separated by semicolons. For works with more than two authors, the abbreviation "et al." must be used after the first author's name.

14. Tables and figures must be placed within the main text.

15. Table titles must appear above the tables, while figure captions must appear below the figures. The initial letters of titles and captions must be capitalized. Tables, figures, and their contents must be presented in Times New Roman, 9- or 10-point font.

16. The International System of Units (SI) must be used.

17. All sources cited in the text must be included in the References section. The reference list must be arranged alphabetically and formatted in 12-point font according to the guidelines below.

18. The References section must be arranged alphabetically by the surname of the first author, using 12-point font and single line spacing (1.0). References must follow the APA 6th edition format, as illustrated in the templates below.

Reference Formatting Guidelines

1. Citing Books

1.1. Books with a Single Author or Editor

Book:

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the book in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Chapter in an Edited Book:

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the chapter. In E. E. (Ed.), Title of the book in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized (pp. xx–xx). Place of Publication: Publisher.

1.2. Books with Two or More Authors or Editors

Two Authors:

First Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the First Author's Given Name(s), and Second Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Second Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the book in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Three Authors:

First Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the First Author's Given Name(s), Second Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Second Author's Given Name(s), and Third Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Third Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the book in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized. Place of Publication: Publisher.

1.3. Revised or Expanded Editions

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the book in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized (xth revised/expanded edition). Place of Publication: Publisher.

1.4. Books with No Identified Author

Title of the book in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized. (Year). Place of Publication: Publisher.

1.5. Books in Multiple Volumes

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the book in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized (Vol. x). Place of Publication: Publisher.

1.6. Translated Books

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the book in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized. (Initial(s) of the Translator's Given Name(s). Translator's Surname, Trans.). Place of Publication: Publisher.

1.7. Work in a Compiled Book

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the work. In Title of the book in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized (pp. xx–xx). Place of Publication: Publisher.

1.8. Chapter or Contribution in an Edited Collection

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the chapter. In Initial(s) of the Editor's Given Name(s). Editor's Surname (Ed.), Title of the book in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized (pp. xx–xx). Place of Publication: Publisher.

1.9. Chapter or Entry in a Reference Book

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the entry. In Title of the reference book in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized (pp. xx–xx). Place of Publication: Publisher.

2. Journal Articles

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Year, and month if applicable). Title of the article, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized. Title of the Journal in Italics and Title Case, Volume Number in Italics(Issue Number), page range. doi: xxxxxx

3. Other Sources

3.1. Films

Director's Surname, Initial(s) of the Director's Given Name(s). (Director). (Year). Title of the film in italics. Production location: Production company.

3.2. Internet Sources

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Publication date). Title of the work in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized. Retrieved [Day Month Year], from [URL].

4. Unpublished Master's and Doctoral Theses

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the thesis in italics, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized. Unpublished master's thesis/doctoral dissertation. Name of Institution, Location of Institution.

5. Conference Papers

Author's Surname, Initial(s) of the Author's Given Name(s). (Year). Title of the paper, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized. Title of the Conference, Congress, or Symposium in Italics and Title Case. City, Country.

No additions or deletions may be made to a manuscript once it has been approved for publication. An author may publish a maximum of two works in the same issue: one as the first author and one as a co-author, without being listed as the first author. The author(s) bear full responsibility for all content published in their work.